This course examines the study of physical culture alongside social theories to examine the ways in which physical culture and kinesiology are organized and experienced. Attention is given to how physical culture studies can provide answers to questions such as; what does it means to engage in physical culture and kinesiology in societies structured by power relations that privilege some people and forms of knowledge, while forming the bases of injustice and exclusion for others? A range of sociological, philosophical, humanities and cultural theories are used to illustrate how physical culture and kinesiology are affected by historical, political and social structures, which can reproduce hegemonic systems based on gender normativity, colonialism, racism, capitalism, neoliberalism, speciesism, ecocide, and scientization. We will discuss ways in which these hegemonic systems can be resisted and challenged to open up spaces for reflexivity, freedom and social transformation in physical culture, sport and kinesiology.